Carbolith (Lithium Carbonate)

Description

Carbolith is an antimanic medication used to help people with bipolar disorder. It works by affecting how certain cells in the body work, particularly in the brain. While the exact way Carbolith helps to reduce mania isn't fully understood, it's clear that it plays an important role in balancing mood. Doctors often prescribe Carbolith to manage manic episodes, which can include feelings of extreme energy, impulsive actions, and trouble sleeping. By using this medication over the long term, many people can experience fewer manic episodes and better control over their symptoms.

Directions

Carbolith is taken orally. The usual starting dose is between 600 and 900 mg per day, divided into two or three doses spread throughout the day. It's crucial to take the medication at the same times each day and not to skip any doses, as this can impact the drug's levels in the blood and its effectiveness. Over time, healthcare providers may adjust the dosage depending on how well the treatment is working and any side effects you may experience. This often includes regular blood tests to check lithium levels.

Ingredients

The active ingredient in Carbolith is Lithium Carbonate.

Contraindications

Avoid taking or using this medication if any of the following apply:

• Hypersensitivity or allergy to Lithium or any other ingredient found in the medication
• Individuals with severe dehydration or sodium depletion
• Significant kidney impairments that may affect kidney function
• Those who have severe cardiovascular disease, such as heart failure or history of heart attack
• Patients taking diuretics (water pills), which can alter Lithium levels and increase the risk of toxicity.
• Brain damage
• Certain health conditions requiring a low intake of sodium

Cautions

• Before taking Carbolith, you may want to consult a healthcare provider about the following:
• Any existing health conditions
• Any allergies
• A list of all medications you are currently taking
• Whether you are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Lithium levels in the blood must be carefully monitored, as toxicity can occur even at doses close to the therapeutic range. Symptoms of Lithium toxicity include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, tremors, and muscle weakness. If you experience any of these, stop taking Carbolith and seek medical attention immediately.
• Carbolith can affect heart rhythm, especially in people with existing heart disease. If you experience irregular heartbeats, dizziness, or chest pain, consult your doctor.
• Long-term Lithium use may lead to thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism, and may increase calcium levels due to parathyroid abnormalities. Your doctor may monitor your thyroid and calcium levels during treatment.
• Lithium can impact kidney function, leading to increased thirst, frequent urination, and potential kidney damage over time. Regular kidney function tests may be needed to assess for any changes. Staying hydrated and maintaining normal salt intake is important to reduce the risk of kidney problems.
• In rare cases, Carbolith has been linked to a neurological syndrome when combined with certain antipsychotic medications, leading to fever, muscle rigidity, confusion, and tremors. If these symptoms occur, contact your doctor immediately.
• Severe allergic skin reactions, including Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), have been reported with Lithium use. If you develop a rash, fever, or swollen lymph nodes, seek medical help right away.
• Lithium may reduce fertility in men and is linked to birth defects, particularly heart abnormalities, when taken during pregnancy. It should only be used during pregnancy if no alternative treatments are available. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, discuss the risks with your doctor.
• Lithium passes into breast milk and may harm nursing infants. Breastfeeding is generally not recommended while taking Carbolith.
• Older adults are more sensitive to Lithium and may require lower doses to avoid toxicity. Blood Lithium levels should be checked regularly to prevent side effects.
• Excess sweating, diarrhea, or infections with fever can affect Lithium levels in the body. If you experience dehydration, increased thirst, or illness, speak with your doctor about adjusting your dose.
• Carbolith may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Use caution when driving or operating machinery, especially when starting treatment or adjusting the dose.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of Lithium include nausea, diarrhea, muscle weakness, and drowsiness, especially during the initial stages of treatment. Some patients may experience persistent hand tremors, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Fatigue, dizziness, and blurred vision have also been reported. These symptoms may lessen over time or with dosage changes.

Lithium toxicity can occur even at therapeutic levels, leading to confusion, unsteady movements, severe tremors, or seizures. Long-term use may affect kidney and thyroid function, causing hypothyroidism, goiter, or excessive thirst resembling diabetes insipidus. In rare cases, Lithium has been associated with serious heart rhythm disturbances, skin reactions, and weight changes. If you experience severe drowsiness, trouble breathing, or signs of toxicity, seek medical attention immediately.

References

1. Lithium Carbonate Product Monograph. Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp.; 2018.
2. Carbolith (Lithium Carbonate) Drug Label Information. Laval, Quebec: Bausch Health, Canada Inc.; 2023.

About Dr. Gerardo Sison (Page Author)

An honors graduate of the University of Florida, Dr. Sison started his pharmacy career in a community setting, extending his services to hospitals and clinics over time. He has also worked in medication therapy management, advising patients on proper medication use for their chronic health conditions. Read More....