Zyloprim (Allopurinol)

Description

Zyloprim, or Allopurinol, is a medication primarily used to manage gout, kidney stones, and conditions associated with high levels of uric acid. As a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, it works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. It comes in tablet form and is often prescribed for long-term treatment. Besides its main uses, it also plays a role in managing uric acid levels for some cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Directions

This medication should be taken exactly as a doctor has instructed. Usually, the treatment starts with a dose of 100 mg per day. This amount may be gradually increased to a maintenance dose that can range from 200 mg to 800 mg per day, based on how well you respond and your specific health needs.

If the medication makes your stomach upset, you can take it with food. To get the best results, make sure to drink enough water and take the medication at the same time each day. Be aware of possible interactions with other medications and have regular check-ups to keep an eye on uric acid levels and kidney health.

Ingredients

The active ingredient in Zyloprim is Allopurinol.

Contraindications

Avoid taking Zyloprim if you have a history of hypersensitivity reactions to Allopurinol or any of the medication's ingredients.

Cautions

• Before starting treatment with Zyloprim, make sure to inform your healthcare provider if you have:
• Any existing health conditions
• Any allergies
• A list of all medications you are currently taking
• Whether you are pregnant or breastfeeding

• Rare but severe skin reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and other hypersensitivity reactions, can occur. These may include rashes, fever, or liver damage. Stop using Zyloprim immediately if you notice any rash or other unusual symptoms, and contact your doctor.
• Starting Zyloprim may temporarily trigger more gout attacks as it mobilizes uric acid deposits in the body. These flares usually lessen over time with continued treatment. Your doctor may prescribe other medications, such as colchicine or anti-inflammatory drugs, to prevent or reduce these attacks.
• Zyloprim can affect kidney function, especially if you have a history of kidney disease or kidney stones. Drink plenty of fluids (at least 2 liters per day) to prevent kidney problems, and have your kidney function checked regularly during treatment.
• Zyloprim may cause liver problems in some cases. Symptoms such as loss of appetite, itching, or unexplained weight loss should be reported to your doctor immediately. Regular liver tests may be necessary if you have pre-existing liver conditions.
• In rare cases, Zyloprim can affect blood cell production, leading to anemia, low white blood cells, or low platelets. This can occur anytime from a few weeks to years after starting treatment. If you are taking medications that affect the bone marrow, your doctor may monitor your blood counts more frequently.
• Zyloprim can increase the effects of certain medications, such as Mercaptopurine and Azathioprine, which may raise the risk of side effects like low blood counts. If you are taking these or other cytotoxic drugs, your doctor will likely adjust your dosage and monitor you closely.
• Zyloprim can cause drowsiness, dizziness, or reduced alertness. Avoid driving, operating machinery, or any activity requiring full attention until you know how Zyloprim affects you. Alcohol may worsen these effects.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of Zyloprim include skin rash, nausea, and diarrhea. Some individuals may experience elevated liver enzymes or alkaline phosphatase levels. Occasionally, acute gout attacks may occur during the initial treatment period as uric acid levels adjust.

Zyloprim can cause severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which require immediate medical attention if symptoms like widespread rash or peeling skin occur. Rare but serious effects include hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, or nephrotoxicity, which may develop as unusual fatigue, jaundice, or changes in urine output. Notify your healthcare provider if any severe or persistent symptoms arise.

References

1. Zyloprim (Allopurinol) Product Monograph. East Brunswick, NJ: Casper Pharma LLC; 2023.
2. Zyloprim (Allopurinol) Drug Label Information. East Brunswick, NJ: Casper Pharma LLC; 2023.

About Dr. Gerardo Sison (Page Author)

An honors graduate of the University of Florida, Dr. Sison started his pharmacy career in a community setting, extending his services to hospitals and clinics over time. He has also worked in medication therapy management, advising patients on proper medication use for their chronic health conditions. Read More....